IndexIntroductionVision and figuresBusiness in the UKBusiness in the USAConclusionIntroductionRupert Murdoch is arguably one of the most influential people of the last half century, owning over fifty media companies around the world organized in a large conglomerate called “News Corporation,” but if there was only one word for it, it would be Rebel. Despite being one of the most influential and richest people in recent history, he has always loved to disrupt normality, which has helped him establish himself in three of the most difficult markets and societies in the world: Australia, England and finally the USA. .Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Born into a moderately wealthy family, news ran in his blood as his father was a prominent war correspondent and local publisher who prepared him for the time he would have to take over from his father. He attended the elite Geelong Grammar, Australia, and then moved to Oxford to earn his Master of Art degree. After graduation, he worked for two years as an editor at the English newspaper Daily Express, where he acquired and learned to manage and sell a sensationalist tabloid. When he returned, his father had died two years earlier and left him the two newspapers he owned: The Sunday Mail and The News, of Adelaide. With his previous experience, he started a business model that would later prove to be a good one. Using his rebellious character, he continued to buy endangered local Australian and New Zealand newspapers and turn them into successful businesses. He then went on to create the first national newspaper in Australia in 1964: The Australian. Despite having no big plans for the future, he started to expand his business and, as it started to grow, he started to be a little more political in his newspapers, trying to influence local and minor elections, mainly against the establishment. Since his inception, he has demonstrated great knowledge of the business and his ability to identify business opportunities and new improvements to increase sales. Vision and CipherAlthough many people might consider themselves part of the establishment, but he always had a clear vision about the world: Elite v Outsiders, where he considered himself part of the outsiders, so he always tries to make the establishment uncomfortable as much as possible. This has been, since his first newspaper, the main ideological, political or any other possible motivation for anything ever written in Murdoch's newspapers. Another peculiar feature of Mr. Murdoch's activity is that he lacks a typical organization, even without hierarchy or organizational chart, but a very defined and sharp culture: the idea that every news should be published, no matter how shocking, disturbing or shameful it is. could be. This has led News Corp, which supposedly publishes "politically incorrect news", to become one of the largest media companies in the world. It all started as a family legacy: his family had already been repudiated by the Australian elite because of a letter and some articles that his father had written during the Gallipoli campaign, denouncing to Great Britain the mistakes of the soldiers at front, which caused a political and military storm, not only in Australia but in the United Kingdom, furthermore its newspapers were considered for the working class and were not read by the powerful at that time. His rebellious character may not have helped either as he reportedly had a bust of Lenin in his Oxford room (once again to shock the establishment) (Estes, 2011). Then it would berejected at first even by the elites in England, as they didn't like an Australian businessman poking his nose into their affairs, but when he gained political influence and power by supporting the right people and fighting against enemies or problems he had created, he extended his media empire and they began to respect and even fear him. During his early years, he supported the Conservative Margaret Thatcher, but this changed in 1997 when The Sun changed its political sign from Conservative for the first time and called for a vote for Tony Blair, who had reportedly had private meetings with Murdoch (Bevins, 1998). He would later win the election after eighteen years of Conservative rule and defend Murdoch's interests thanks to the newspaper's support. Since then, in England it has been taken for granted that the side supported by the Sun has a better chance of winning an election (or a referendum). This led him to befriend and find favor in English-speaking countries, largely due to his ability to support the right politicians at the right time and make the necessary changes to make his business work. As previously stated, UKA decided to expand its business into the United Kingdom, purchasing a dying newspaper called The Sun and News of the world, its first step into the second largest English-speaking market. He managed to present himself as a better option than the press unions, so he managed to buy these two newspapers. Once again, with a now more refined technique, he changed the editorial line of the newspaper, transforming it into a newspaper of sexual scandals, gossip and nudity; made specifically to counter the establishment and aimed at a very specific, but the largest group of people: male workers. He never uses a rigid organizational chart, as he believes this gives order to the company (Stelzer, 2018), and no one is surprised if he constantly skips the hierarchy in his companies. he managed to take almost all of his companies from bankruptcy to making a lot of money. He says his "liberal" organization allows people to achieve his success. His success was immediate and allowed him to start a war against the very unions that supported him, with the consent and help of Margaret Thatcher's government as they seemed to have common interests, considering that the unions were slowing down progress by defending positions obsolete. Later, he realized that newspapers were something he had already learned to fully exploit, so he began to look for new ways to do the same thing he did with his newspapers: influence, so he bought an existing television channel (Satellite Television) and he renamed it the Sky Channel, which would later become Sky Network, the largest satellite television provider in the United Kingdom. This would mark the beginning of Murdoch's TV activity, perfectly in sync with the television boom of the late 1990s. In the same period it has already purchased some smaller newspapers in the USA such as the San Antonio Express and the New York Post, which at the time were struggling not to disappear. Following his strategy in the UK, he changed the editorial line of the newspapers and made them sell well. At the same time he was buying Sky, he bought 20th Century Fox, and in doing so he became an American citizen. Some people might think that after gaining a certain reputation and political power, his relationship with the establishment itself might have changed, but that might be even more false: since 1999 his newspaper “News of the world” has been hiring private investigators to uncover the establishment's dirty laundry. He has since moved on to hacking large numbers of phones across Britain's elite, including at times members of theroyal family like Prince William. There has always been gossip that Murdoch might be a republican, so this might have been one of his strategies trying to devalue or displease the British crown as an integral part of the establishment. In 2009, The Guardian published an article uncovering a conspiracy involving systematic wiretapping reporting thousands of voicemails intercepted since 2006. This led to a Scotland Yard investigation which uncovered an even deeper case involving police corruption and influence peddling. top news executives of the world were involved, assigning private investigators to hack the phones of celebrities and politicians (Davies, 2010). This was the biggest scandal that Rupert Murdoch had ever faced, with serious consequences in all social spheres: Andy Coulson, former co-editor of News of the world, was forced to resign from his current position as head of press office in David Cameron's office, and the current editor has been arrested. This eventually led to the inevitable decision to close the paper, as its reputation was now virtually non-existent, so Murdoch closed the paper as soon as their major advertisements left, in the hope that the scandal would fade away. But this was not the case, Rupert Murdoch and his son James were called to testify before parliament to explain their involvement in the entire conspiracy, where they assured that, since this newspaper was only a small part of their business, they were not aware at all about the wiretaps. It also caused the resignation of the head of the Metropolitan Police (Stephenson, 2011) and the failure of a subsidiary of News Corporation to secure a contract to build a student news system due to the scandal's worldwide repercussions. (Otterman, 2011) Finally, in a desperate attempt to regain, or at least not shed, a horrible reputation, the News of the World published a full-page apology in the national newspapers in the form of a letter signed by Rupert himself. (Sweney, 2011)[image: Resultado de imagen de apology letter news of the world. Subsequently, Channel 4 will release some audio recordings of a briefing by The Sun (Exaro News, 2013) in which Mr Murdoch can be heard complaining that the police were "asking too many questions" and assuring his staff that he would look after any journalists jailed, which could imply that to some extent he knew about and was okay with phone hacking and police corruption. In the United States it wasn't easy at times, first he realized that the law only allowed US citizens to buy TV channels, then he became one. Then he had to sell the New York Post, since the law also prohibited owning television stations and newspapers in the same market (Erlanger, 1988). But this would later prove to be an incredibly wise move, leading to the creation of Fox Broadcasting's push and launching it into the major league of communications. Then, in 1993, he bought back the dying New York Post (Andrews, 1993). In 1996, he launched the Fox News channel to compete mainly with CNN, marking the beginning of a new era: the foxification of news, consisting in substituting information for opinion in every program, even in TV news, was then evolved to become today "alternative faces" which are precisely lies. As he had done in the UK, Murdoch sought to influence the elites by challenging them, he managed to support Donald Trump, a clearly anti-establishment candidate before anyone else, and his channels were the only ones to defend him almost personally. all media,.