As one of the largest families with nearly 25,000 representative species, the Orchidaceae comprise approximately one-tenth of all flowering plants in the world: the world's largest plant family (Dearnaley , 2007) (Cribb, Kell, Dixon, & Barrette, 2003). Most orchid species have medicinal properties of horticultural value such as Gastrodia elata, Dendrobium ofcinale, Ludisia discolor (Luo, Jia, & Wang, 2003). This has made possible the commercialization of orchids, the growth of the orchid industry, and thus the endangerment and endangerment of many wild orchids due to overharvesting or habitat destruction by human activities. As a result, there is now an urgent need for conservation and sustainable use of orchids (Liu, Luo, & Liu, 2010). Orchids are mycoheterotrophic and some are completely dependent on their fungal partners throughout their lives (Liu, Luo, & Liu, 2010). Commonly, orchid seedlings have high mortality, show slow growth after transplanting, and are difficult to stimulate flowering. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Although, in some species, this dependence on mycorrhizal fungi is reduced once they acquire their photosynthetic capacity at maturity, but most species cannot grow without their fungal symbionts. Therefore, in the current trend towards conservation of orchid species there is a need to isolate, identify and use compatible mycorrhizal fungi (Zettler, 1997). In this article a fungus is considered an effective mycorrhizal fungus if it can: (1) promote seed germination, (2) promote the growth of protocorms, a tuber-shaped body with rhizoids produced from the young seedlings of various orchids or young plants and (3) improve the growth and reproduction of mature plants. Take the case of G. elata, which is a Chinese herbal medicine that was observed to germinate only when they were able to obtain nutrition by digesting fungi such as M. osmundicola which invaded its proembryonic cells but once the plant was established it passed to the digestion of endophytes such as Armillaria mellea which consequently entered its rhizome (Xu & Guo, 2000). That this orchid had to associate with two different species of mycorrhizal fungi at different stages of its life cycle, promoting both seed germination/growth and vegetative growth after establishment. To alleviate threats to the conservation of orchid species, today's approach involves propagating orchids for later reintroduction in the hope of establishing a self-sustaining population in the natural site in the near future. This approach depends on the survival of the orchid seedling after transplanting from the cultivation field to the natural environment. Therefore, most studies focus on the interaction of plant fungi that will promote and aid seed germination and post vegetative growth. This comprehensive understanding of plant-fungi interaction would be helpful in creating an alternative approach to orchid conservation regarding their dwindling numbers.