IntroductionManagement in business is the coordination of people to achieve set objectives efficiently and effectively. It includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling an organization. Management itself is also an academic discipline, a social science whose object of study is social organization in order to achieve a common goal. Since the dawn of civilization, the value of people working together has been identified as a powerful method of advancement across all industries. areas. The need, therefore, to organize people and resources was clearly evident. The concept of “management” has grown over thousands of years and various management methods have also evolved in tandem. The historical progress of human civilization is largely due to the knowledge gained through the implementation of different management methods over time. As the Spanish-American philosopher George Santayana (1863 - 1952) theorized: “Progress, far from consisting of change, depends on retention. When the change is absolute there remains no being to improve, and no direction is established for possible improvement: and when experience is not preserved, as among savages, childhood is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." The purpose of this report is to investigate management theory in the context of how it has evolved over time and how it is put into practice in modern architectural practices. To analyze and discuss the topics in depth, the report has been divided into two sections:• Part A - The history of management.• Part B - Management theory in architectural practices. A brief conclusion concludes the discussion and references are presented on the last page.Part A – The history of management....... half of the document ......approaches have emerged. In 1982 Peters and Waterman published a book titled “In Search of Excellence.” In the book the authors identified 36 companies that demonstrated performance excellence and analyzed their results. After this analysis they were able to identify eight "attributes of excellence": Attributes of excellence. Available at: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0073377015/582339/ghil77015_02.pdf A separate approach that emerged at the same time is the idea of “Total Quality Management” or TQM. This involves placing emphasis on the overall quality of products and services. This shift in focus has shifted the focus from finding and correcting errors to preventing them. TQM is a management philosophy that emphasizes managing the entire organization so that it excels in every aspect important to the customer.
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