Topic > Thomas Hobbes and Human Nature - 694

Thomas Hobbes was a 17th-century early modern British philosopher and political theorist, known for his political thoughts. Witnessing the horrors of the English Civil War that took place from 1642 to 1651, Hobbes was convinced that an absolute monarchy was the only form of government capable of protecting individuals and their interests while providing a secure environment that allowed the practice of such interests. Hobbes writes about the idea of ​​absolutism, or absolute monarchy – a form of government in which all power must be vested in the hands of a single ruler – in his most famous work, Leviathan, published in 1651. Hobbes argues that without absolutism, no man can live with a sense of security because all acts of human nature cannot be criticized but are instead a right that can and will be practiced by individuals, since there is no injustice in a world of war. Hobbes first argues that men are guided by nature men. It is precisely this human nature that brings out the three main causes of discord: Competition, Distrust and finally Glory. Competition as described by Hobbes is when “two men desire the same thing, which yet they cannot both enjoy…” (Hobbes, 21). This desired "thing" causes the two men to compete with each other to invade simply to "gain...[using] violence, to become masters of other men's persons, wives, children, and cattle" (Hobbes, 21). Distrust occurs when a man's survival and safety play a role in provoking him to resort to violence. Hobbes says that mistrust drives men to invade for “security…[using] violence, to defend [their wives, children, and cattle]” (Hobbes, 21). Finally, glory is when a man desires to be appreciated by others. However, when overlooked or underestimated, Hobbes believes there will be order in the nation. There will be no more discord. There will no longer be violence like there once was, when each individual governed himself. This new proposal brought forward by Thomas Hobbes was very important during the time Leviathan was released because it was during the end of the English Civil War, a time when an end came to absolute monarchy as a form of government. Hobbes wrote Leviathan to the British citizens just as they lost their form of government after the war, to explain to them what world would come if they did not restore an absolute monarchy as their form of government. He wrote his book to show them what dangers they could and would face if they continued without a monarchy. His proposal allowed for a more secure nation and showed the consequences of a nation free of absolutism.