Topic > Damage estimate: earthquake-proof buildings

a. Estimation of seismic damage of buildings considering the earthquake in the North Tehran fault scenario. Damage to residential buildings was calculated for the earthquake in the Niavaran fault scenario by JICA (2000). Recent updates on the JICA study (Karimi 2011) were used as input data for the analysis. In the study conducted by JICA (2000), commercial buildings and factories were not included in the analysis and the term “damaged buildings” implies that the buildings were severely damaged or collapsed and therefore unfit for living without adequate repair. Furthermore, the cause of the damage was limited to the seismic vibration itself. Damage caused by secondary disasters such as liquefaction, landslides, fires and explosions were not included in the calculation. The anti-seismic properties of buildings vary from area to area and from country to country. The relationship between the seismic force and the damage ratio is not always the same, even if the building typologies are similar. Different construction methods are the main reason for such differences. Furthermore, collecting the national seismic disaster register and creating a damage function based on local experiences appeared to be important factors in estimating damages. Thus, the Ghir (Ambraseys et al. 1972), Tabas (Berberian 1979; Berberian et al. 1979), Golbaft (Adeli 1982) and Manjil (Tsukuda et al. 1979) and Manjil (Tsukuda et al. 1979) earthquake damage reports were adopted for damage estimation. . 1990). by Karimi (2011). In the damage assessment process, major facilities that have key roles in emergency and rescue operations (e.g. hospitals, fire stations, etc.) were assumed to have been retrofitted.b. Estimate of human casualties considering the North Tehran Fault ...... middle of the document ...... travel information Approximately 523 person-hours were spent on brainstorming sessions and 336 hours on NGT sessions. The reason for using NGT in the last stage above is because NGT uses a more structured format to get multiple inputs from multiple people on a particular problem or issue and also because it prevents domination of the discussion by a single person , encourages the more passive members of the group to participate and results in a set of prioritized solutions or recommendations (Sample 1984). We needed to take advantage of the anonymous voting of the NGT and minimize the dominance of some participants over others in the technical issues of the project by providing equal opportunities for participation in the NGT. Furthermore, this method minimizes the communication noise that is usual in other group creativity techniques.