Rydell's argument stated that all of the organizers of the 1893 Exposition engaged in the deliberate dehumanization of Native Americans. However, Dorchester seemed sincere in his disgust at the organizers' exploitation of Native Americans. He referred to the cannibal dance as part of the “degraded phases of the old Indian life,” an old life that was to be represented as distant and long forgotten. Unfortunately, this negative portrayal was the crux of the Exposition's amused and frightened intrigue. The images of civilization through industrialization that preceded the later images of savagery through the cannibal dance disappeared as memories of horror filled the minds of Exposition goers. Dorchester also condemned the Buffalo Bill Wild Indian Shows as a contradiction between the purpose of assimilation and entertainment for government-sanctioned Exposition goers. Reducing Native Americans for entertainment, Dorchester argued, overlooked the advancements many Native Americans had made through Indian schools. Rydell failed to examine this perception among the Exposition's organizers and only sought to demonstrate that the organizers, like Dorchester, were complicit in presenting America's rise to industrialism, while only presenting the barbarism of the Native Americans. His argument did not go far enough to determine that among the organizers of the Exhibitions, the sentiment among the organizers hypothesized by Rydell was not entirely