Metadiscourse has traditionally been broadly defined as 'text about text'. This overly broad and rather imprecise definition implies a degree of reflexivity with which a text is able to refer to or talk about itself or its parts. The concept of metadiscourse may have borrowed its reflexive property from language in general, which can also function reflexively as a commentary on language or the verbal system itself. In this reflexive form of language, called "metalanguage", the metalinguistic function of language is more evident, which is also central to the metadiscourse model used in this study. The metalinguistic function is one of the six functions of language proposed by Jakobson (1998), and the other five are expressive, directive, referential, poetic and phatic. The first three functions of language mentioned – the metalinguistic, expressive and directive functions – embody the concept of metadiscourse in this study and will be discussed later in this chapter. Another more commonly known function of language is that of Halliday (1994), which includes three functions: ideational, interpersonal and textual. Most researchers have used metadiscourse models inspired by Hallidayan functions of language, termed “systemic-functional grammar-inspired models” by Ädel (2006: 16). Differences in the foundations on which the concept of metadiscourse is developed influence the delimitations of metadiscourse. Metadiscourse models within the framework of the broad approach, or “integrative” approach, in the words of Mauranen (1993), see metadiscourse as part of discourse emphasizing the “textual” and “interpersonal” Hallidayan functions of language. The textual function can be seen in the attitudes towards or rema...... middle of the paper ......itude Markers mark the writer's attitude towards the propositional content (Unfortunately). The last type is the "Commentary", which directs the reader into an imaginary dialogue (Consider...; Suppose...). Vande Kopple's classification serves as the basis for Markannen et al's (1993) study of metadiscourse in American and Finnish university student argumentative texts. Crismore et al (1993) proceeded to raise the gendered aspects of metadiscourse, while Luukka (1994), examining spoken and written versions of five articles in Finnish, introduces 'contextual metadiscourse'. “Contextual metadiscourse” is primarily concerned with the situation of an oral presentation and the materials used in it. It allows speech participants to “comment on their previous or future actions, or to draw attention to the tables and figures they are presenting.” (Luukka 1994: 80).