Functionalism is based on consensus, the belief that all people share the same values and norms, while Marxism and feminism recognize the conflict that can occur and shape society and the relationships within it. Marxists believe that the conflict occurs between the proletariat, oppressed by the bourgeoisie, while Marxist feminists agree on the cause of oppression, they believe that it is women who are exploited in society. Other feminist perspectives believe that conflict arises as a result of a patriarchal, male-dominated society. Functionalism places great importance on the role of the family as a social institution. Family life should teach children their values and norms and enable them to become productive members of society. To do this, the family structure should contain a married mother and father. They believe that the breakdown of the family unit would have a negative effect on society and would therefore be something to be avoided, while feminists are more critical of the traditional family structure, which they believe is more beneficial to men. Indeed, radical feminists support same-sex parents, single-parent families, and divorce. Feminists and Marxists also differ from functionalists in how they view government. They view laws as another tool of oppression; in contrast, functionalists will view laws as made to benefit society as a whole and encourage a consensus on values. Both feminism and Marxism have weaknesses in that they focus too much on one aspect of society and ignore other conflicts in society. It could also be said that they place too much emphasis on conflict, in contrast, functionalism faces criticism for not recognizing that conflict can occur. Despite criticism of all three perspectives, evidence can be found to support their theories. (Haralambos, 2013; Haralambos and Holborn,
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