Ocean acidification is a major environmental concern involving climate change. Ocean acidification is caused by the absorption of increasing atmospheric CO2. This increase in CO2 is due to the burning of fossil fuels. It not only affects humans, but also affects numerous marine ecosystems. Coral reefs are one of the systems most affected by ocean acidification. Coral is a major ecosystem engineer in these ecosystems without them; the ecosystem will not be as healthy or sustainable for other organisms. Species richness and evenness will greatly decrease because of this. Corals help establish ecosystem structure so fish can use it to protect themselves from predators. This structure allows many organisms to enter and establish themselves there, due to the thriving biodiversity present in these ecosystems. This CO2-driven ocean acidification leads to reduced calcification and has a potential impact on calcifiers. Calcification is the process in which corals produce calcium carbonate. This decrease in calcium carbonate would lead to the loss of coral reefs because construction rates would fall below natural destruction rates. Echinoderms are vital in a marine environment and are present in almost all ecosystems. They are also vital ecosystem engineers. Adult echinoderms are more tolerant to ocean acidification than larvae. In this review I will discuss how coral reefs change chemistry to cope with progress. As the abundance of algae will increase due to ocean acidification and could lead to improved calcifying conditions. What causes CO2 from this source and how exactly does it enter the water, as well as how this leads to the reduction of calcium carbonate and the potential for calcifications and other organs...... middle of paper ......t for echinoderms but for other species that feed on them or are fed by them. Species richness will decline along with the diversity of that ecosystem. This will change the entire food web used by coral reefs and other ecosystems today. Some key predators may be too abundant or there may not be enough predators that have a top-down and bottom-up effect on the trophic system. I believe Kurihara's work and findings are the most important because they show the most direct impacts of ocean acidification on organisms and that this is a problem that needs to be addressed now before it worsens and completely destroys coral reefs and ecosystem marine. The pH of seawater is expected to increase worldwide and many species will have very little chance to avoid these acidic conditions. These species will have to adapt to this change or disappear due to extinction.