CHAPTER 3RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY3.1. IntroductionIn the first chapter the research theme was formulated. The second chapter presented a literature review on the independent variable and dependent variable, providing broad context, development, and definitions. In this chapter the research design will be presented by defining the type of study and explaining the sampling techniques, sample selection and sample size. Questionnaire design and administration, data analysis, reliability and validity will also be discussed.3.2. Type of study “Quantitative study involves the collection of data from relatively large samples, the data collected is usually presented as numbers, often in tables, graphs and charts” (McGivern 2006: 57). Qualitative study is less easy to define. Explore questions such as what, why and how rather than how many and how much; it is primarily concerned with meaning rather than measurement (Keegan 2009: 11). This study is quantitative in nature. Cross-sectional study is a type of research design that involves collecting information from a given sample of the population only once (Wiid and Diggines 2009:56). In a longitudinal study, the study population is visited a number of times at regular intervals, usually over a long period, to collect the required information (Kumar 2005:98). This was a cross-sectional study. Descriptive studies are also called observation, because the subjects are observed without intervening. The simplest descriptive study is a case study, which reports data on only one topic (Bell 2005:41). According to Ader, Mellenbergh, and Hand (2008:1), the survey study is considered a biased estimate of population parameters. This was a descriptive study.3.3. Sampling TechniquesProbability sampling is also known as "...middle of the paper...well, a research design (and the research method and measures or questions used) provides accurate, clear, unambiguous evidence with which to answer the research problem. Validity is an indicator that the research measures what it claims to measure. Reliability will not be used in this study, because the sample size is based on a small selected sample validity.The supervisor has checked the validity of the questionnaire and its content validity is applied.3.10 ConclusionIn this chapter the type of study, sampling techniques and sample selection have been defined sample size; the design of the questionnaire, the administration of the questionnaire, the data analysis, the reliability and the validity will be presented and discussed. Pie charts, bar charts and tables will also be used.