This term refers to broader issues within an organization. Ishikawa also discussed "total quality control" in Japan, which is different from the Western idea of ​​total quality. According to his explanation it means "company-wide quality control" which involves all employees, from top management to workers, in quality control. Total quality management In the 1980s and 1990s, a new phase of quality control and management began. This became known as Total Quality Management (TQM). After observing Japan's success in employing quality issues, Western companies have begun to introduce their own quality initiatives. TQM, developed as a catch-all phrase for the broad spectrum of quality-focused strategies, programs, and techniques during this period, became the focus of the Western quality movement. TQM adopted in small and medium-sized enterprises