About 15,000-20,000 years ago, towards the end of the last ice age, the societies most favored by climate and physical geography began to evolve from the long period of from the brutal Stone Age, or Paleolithic, to a more sustainable and sedentary lifestyle based on agriculture and animal domestication. (Olson, p2) This transition period, or wild period of the New Stone Age, known as the Neolithic Period, eventually led to increases in population, advancement in the size of societies, and the emergence of urban life. We sometimes call it the Neolithic Revolution because the rate at which technological innovation advanced, political organization, and human society underwent a resulting increase in convolution. To understand the emergence of technology, it is therefore crucial to examine the progress from the Old Stone Age through the New Stone Age until the appearance of the first metropolitan evolution around 3000 BC. Stone was the material that gave its name to these eras and a technological evolution. the unison of prehistory is stone. Although it can be suggested that prehistoric humans used other materials such as fur, wood, leaves, bones and grass before stone was assumed to be the main material of these eras. Starting around 7500 BC, a number of human cultures became progressively dependent on domesticated animals and cultivated crops to ensure food security. (Simmons, p 52) by around 7000 BC, sedentary cultivation was capable of supporting urban areas with a demographic population greater than 1,000, such as Çatal Huyuk and Jericho. Later, in the Middle East, around 3500 BC, major civilizations emerged. Climate change was a significant factor and condition that triggered the transition from the collection…half of paper…related to food production to the production of other products, such as ceramics, leather goods, and textiles. (Bairoch, p14) Economic specialization due to the emergence of advanced technologies has led to the creation of influential classes of leaders and social stratification. Regional fiscal specialization was often centered on the indigenous holdings of the area in which the people group was located. Trade has been enhanced between areas with different goods and services to provide fair and reasonable distribution of products. Social stratification was limited in ancient agricultural communities. Property could be owned collectively by all members of society who provided cheap labor. The role of women in agricultural sectors decreased and men took over the necessary responsibilities of agriculture and began to control the application of new tools.