The article I choose to research for this assignment is “Challenges in Managing Virtual Organizations” produced by VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd. It is an organization non-profit that handles economic concerns and employment issues. The main emphasis of the articles was centered on the cost-effectiveness and savings that virtual organizations offer compared to their traditional counterparts, more specifically in terms of time and quality that add up globally. It also emphasizes convergence to increase flexibility, customer relationships and mitigation actions to reduce risk. Both of the above objectives cannot be achieved without diligence, so organizations must place emphasis on collective outcomes in a shared vision and information sharing among all stakeholders and internal departments. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original EssayConvergenceThe article establishes that for a virtual organization to function efficiently, the performance achieved must depend on collaboration (Karvonen, Jansson, Salkari, & Ollus, 2006). Further dialogue highlighted the need for management to define a methodology for addressing collaboration efforts, but failed to address convergence through communication; an essential cornerstone of any organization, virtual or otherwise. As Morgan, Paucar & Wright (2014) state, communication is a fundamental aspect of any organization, but it is even more imperative within virtual organizations, without communication the global market structure would not be possible; inserted into the virtual landscape. Communication is not just limited to internal stakeholders, but how they communicate with external stakeholders and customers. Convergence and team building have been noted as one of the most important factors establishing team cohesion, allowing for more effective communication between departments (Morgan, Paucar & Wright, 2014). Communication Internal communication is a key component of an organisation's culture and ensures that interested parties understand the company's goals and objectives and where necessary provide direction and ensure efficiency and working collaboration. A genuine, honest and open two-way dialogue with employees and customers should be a key aspect of any communications policy. External and internal communications are a key element to achieving excellence and managing risk. In particular, regarding the communication of a virtual organization, since multiple stakeholders will be involved as an audience, it is the task of responding to the needs and concerns of each stakeholder and providing relevant information and metrics. “Calculating risk is one thing, communicating it is another” (Gigerenzer, 2015). Indeed, the best structured and formulated plan will not be successful among the public if it is not communicated effectively. Vision Recognizing constraints, an organization can be more effective if staff are informed and involved: when staff understand the same values, work policies and procedures in the same way, and are focused on realizing the same vision, then the culture organizational will promote much more effective use of resources and more engaged staff (Nahavandi & Denhardt, 2014). Hoch & Kozlowski (2014) described that leadership in virtual organizations should be aimed at guiding staff and their behaviors towards a fixed and shared goal. The article acknowledges that the.