In the book Cultural Psychology by Steven Heine, Heine explains completely different concepts of culture and how culture shapes the norms by which we live today. Heine describes the different impacts of cultures around the world and how they can be viewed by others who do not share the same customs as other cultures. Heine explains how culture influences the way we think and behave based on the studies he provides in his book. There are so many case studies that have been done to complement the concepts talked about in the book. Each case study illustrates in great depth the number of studies conducted within a case study to accurately obtain the correct information. It's almost like an experiment that scientists do so that other scientists can replicate exactly to get the same results. However, research and studies on culture and cultural differences will have different results over time. As I read each chapter, I found some topics/concepts that are very interesting to delve into and observe. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay The first concept I was interested in was parenting styles. Naturally, in every family there are different styles that parents prefer to discipline towards their children. Whether lenient or strict, parents are likely to create an environment in which they feel comfortable raising their children, so that their children can succeed. In the book, Heine provides three types of parenting styles such as authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, and permissive parenting. Every parenting is very different, but it mostly works for certain parents. Authoritarian parenting is more about parenting with strict rules and “little open dialogue between parent and child” (181). Authoritative parenting means the child is more independent and has higher expectations. Finally, permissive parenting is more of the lenient parenting type, but has some rules established for the child to act on at all times. For example, my mother was somewhere between authoritative and authoritarian, which was quite interesting growing up by not going to sleep unless my mother really knew the parent or even stayed up a little later than the other kids. But I got used to it and I think it actually made me a better person. Although these different parenting styles exist, it depends on the parent exercising parenting over the child which could affect them severely. Heine indicates that most high school students experience pressure from their mothers to succeed in school negatively in Euro-American areas, while in Asian-American areas high school students do not see the pressure as negative (182). An example of this is the Case Study: East Asian and Math Education. Heine goes into detail about the psychological differences in parental views on education between East Asian and American parents. In the study we see that Asian parents focus education more on their children's lives, even providing them with a desk at an early age (198). Heine compares the parenting styles of American and Asian parents primarily to those of mothers and how each reacts to their child's academic performance. In a journal article Emerging Behavioral Problems: Bidirectional Relationships Between Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles with Child Temperament by Shannon M.O. Wittig explains “how parenting and child characteristics contribute importantly to child development” (Wittig, Shannon M.O.and Christina M. Rodriguez). When it comes to child development, the many different parenting styles that shape the development of the child's life outcomes. The parenting styles between maternal and paternal parenting seriously affect the child's development. We see that the mother is more responsible and most of the strict rules come from her, while the father is more lenient towards the child in an attempt to make the child trust more to come to them for anything he needs. need; “…parenting and infant temperament, research has traditionally focused on mothers. Not much research has been conducted on the relationships between fathers and their children's behavior and educational studies. “Although recruiting and retaining fathers in research continues to prove challenging, fathers still deserve greater investment to ensure their representation in research” (Wittig, Shannon MO, and Christina M. Rodriguez). It is interesting to see how some mothers are more assertive about disciplining their children than some fathers who discipline their children and who more or less want to bond and instill trust with the child. The next concept I was interested in was conducting research across cultures. By conducting research across cultures, we are able to study unique lifestyles among people in different areas of the world. When conducting research, specific study methods are needed within each culture studied. Heine shares a key difference between psychologists and cultural psychologists who study cultures: psychologists are able to study others who likely share the same culture and live in the same vicinity, whereas cultural psychologists would not be able to separate their own experiences from what they see. they are studying, (120). When studying other cultures, it is very important to know something about the culture you are studying. The power of the studies has caused problems in detecting an effect primarily in cross-cultural studies, if it actually exists, (124). Cross-cultural studies are often separated into independent and dependent variables. The independent variable would be the culture which can be manipulated and will be able to find the effect in the dependent variable. We can also do cross-cultural studies with surveys which can sometimes present problems. In today's society, cross-cultural research is used for many things, such as the global market. In a journal article Examining Survey Response Styles in Cross-Cultural Marketing Research: A Comparison of Mexican and South Korean Respondents by Christoph Beuthner, Maren Friedrich, Carsten Herbes, and Iris Ramme, they discuss how “home culture influences how respondents react to questions and surveys." scales” (Beuthner, Christoph, et al). On a cultural level, it is important when conducting cross-cultural research to actually conduct culture among others regarding survey responses and how they are provided. Heine discusses a case study titled The Culture of Honor in the Southern United States noting the cultural differences between the Southern and Northern United States. The case study is used to determine why the South is considered much more violent than the North. Why do more violent activities such as lynchings, sniper attacks, murderous feuds occur in the South than in the North (149)? This may be due to the culture of honor. The culture of honor is how others are able to “protect one's reputation through aggression” (150). I understand that nowadays, as you get older being aggressive towards most people helps the aggressor to become more0000707.