IndexScenario 1 Alterations associated with pathophysiology and adaptive responseScenario 2 Alterations associated with pathophysiology and adaptive responseScenario 3 Alterations associated with pathophysiology and adaptive responseConclusionReference: The human body in many ways acts as the third law Newton's theory that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the body is going through changes, the body activates the compensatory mechanism. This is what is called an adaptive response. Adaptive responses are changes in brain activity designed to maintain homeostasis and performance where possible (Fornito, Zalesky, & Bullmore, 2016). This article will consider 3 separate medical scenarios to explain the pathophysiology, associated alterations, and patients' adaptive responses to alterations caused by disease processes. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original EssayScenario 1In this scenario, Jennifer, a 2-year-old girl, is brought to a medical facility because she has had a fever for the past 3 days and has not improved despite her mother giving her ibuprofen. His body is warm and dry. Physical examination showed the throat to be erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. The anterior cervical lymph nodes are easily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left side. He also had a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute. PathophysiologyJennifer complained of a sore throat and swollen tonsils. He wasn't coughing, which is one of the reliable symptoms of a sore throat. However, he had an erythematous throat with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. Based on Jennifer's symptoms, the diagnosis is likely to be tonsillitis. According to Huether & McCance (2016), tonsillitis can be complicated by the formation of a tonsillar abscess. Acute tonsillitis can be defined as an inflammation of the tonsils, predominantly due to an infection and is part of the spectrum of pharyngitis which ranges from localized tonsillar infection to generalized infection of the pharynx. (Bartlett, Bola and Williams, 2015) Associated changes and adaptive responseTonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils that affects millions of individuals every year. The immune system's altered response to tonsillitis is associated with inflammation of the tonsils in response to invasion of the mucosa by viruses or bacteria. Due to this alteration, symptoms such as fever, sore throat, pain associated with swallowing, exudate, increased respiratory and heart rate and erythematosis appear. Scenario Jack, 227 years old, presented to the medical facility with symptoms of redness and irritation in his hands. He said he noticed the skin was red and scaly about 2 weeks ago. It doesn't bother him at all but he doesn't know why they are so red. Jack does not suffer from allergies and does not recall being exposed to irritants although he often works with solvents and abrasive chemicals. He hasn't used gloves lately due to low supplies. He always washes his hands when he is finished handling chemicals. Pathophysiology Irritant contact dermatitis is a nonspecific inflammatory dermatitis caused by activation of the innate immune system by the proinflammatory properties of chemicals (Huether & McCance 2016). The severity of the inflammation is directly related to the duration of exposure and the potency of the chemical. Associated alterations and adaptive response According to Brasch, Becker, Aberer, et al., (2014), the dermatitis reaction is an inflammatory intolerance response characterized by subsequent and erythema,coexisting vesicles, exudation, papules and desquamation. This response pattern is mainly caused by toxins, which have an external, non-infectious, immunological, chemical, or physical effect, (Brasch, Becker, Aberer, et al., 2014). Jack said he doesn't suffer from allergies, but lately he has regularly handled abrasive solvents and chemicals without gloves. Redness and itchy skin are the body's response when the immune system reacts abnormally to foreign chemicals that are unsafe. Scenario 3Martha, a 65-year-old retired woman, has a medical history of hypertension. She was able to control it over time with medications. He has started having trouble sleeping, loss of appetite, and feels like his heart is racing. The only change in her lifestyle is that her elderly mother has moved in with her. Her mother lost a lot of mobility and needed daily assistance with basic living activities after falling down a flight of stairs. Martha doesn't mind taking care of her mother because she is the only daughter, but she was hoping for a very different and better retirement. She feels lucky because she sleeps and eats less given the conditions. However, she is worried about her health and wants to know why she sleeps and eats less at her age. Pathophysiology Clearly in this scenario Martha was a healthy woman and had high expectations for a wonderful retirement. The sudden lack of sleep and appetite and occasional rapid heartbeat began only after her mother lost mobility and had to provide round-the-clock care leaving her no time to herself to realize the vision of a great Retired life are classic conditions associated with acute stress. According to Tsigos, Kyrou, Kassi, et al., (2016), stress is a state of threatened homeostasis caused by intrinsic or extrinsic adverse forces (stressors) and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiological and behavioral responses aimed at maintaining /restore optimal body balance (eustasis). Associated alterations and adaptive response The adaptive response to stress depends on a highly interconnected neuroendocrine, cellular and molecular infrastructure and stress system; however, each individual's adaptive response to stress is determined by a variety of genetic, environmental and developmental factors (Tsigos, Kyrou, Kassi, et al., 2016). Martha, a 65-year-old woman, is experiencing lifestyle changes that cause a lot of stress in her daily life. As an only child, primary caregiver for her elderly mother, and with no other support, Martha exhibits maladaptive behavior, which has led to health problems in her life, including sleep problems, loss of appetite, and rapid heartbeat, which has impacted negative about his daily life. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Conclusion When patients present their symptoms to a healthcare provider or nurse practitioner (NP), an NP must take the time to listen, evaluate, diagnose, and treat the patient. Similar to the scenarios above, an NP must be able to use the information provided and information obtained from additional testing to develop a plan of care, while also addressing pathophysiologic, alteration, and adaptive response methods. As with any diagnosis and treatment, unexpected problems can arise, and the NP is responsible for analyzing and adapting to circumstances in an effort to ease patients' minds while still providing the world-class care possible. Reference: Bartlett, A. , Bola, S., & Williams, R. (2015). Acute tonsillitis and its complications: an overview. Royal Naval Medical'278995/