“Edward Lorenz said: 'climate is what you expect, weather is what you get'” (Allen, 2003) Nowadays, we don't have the weather we expect , due to the global warming that man is causing, which is causing climate change, and that is the temperature is changing from one year to the next, in this essay we will talk about one of these causes. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayThe amount of these beautiful planned neighborhoods around the world increased dramatically, and what was called "urban expansion" began mainly in America, which is the main reason for climate change. But in the present, after noticing the damage our planet is facing, planners have found ways to save the environment and the global, such as skyscrapers, but that doesn't mean sprawl has stopped. Therefore, expansion needs transportation and ways that connect. the city together, and the pollution produced by cars is one of the main reasons for climate change. So, it's like a pyramid, the base of which is urban sprawl that requires transportation that causes climate change. And Montreal, is an example that shows all aspects of urban expansion, starting from an artificial island, ending with the way the planning was done. Although urban sprawl has many benefits for economic growth, in a developing city, however, it has many negative consequences for humans and the environment. Basically, urban sprawl is good for the economy but atrocious for the climate. The United States is a perfect example of urban sprawl and climate change, political scientist George A. Gonzalez explained how extensive it is. causing climate change, but at the same time it is positive for the economy of countries, since cars and its fuel are businesses that make the country's economy much more important (Gonzalez, 2007), as well as urban construction that make the sprawling city, which could create suburbs that people would prefer to have more than the city center for the price and calm (Gonzalez, 2007), therefore, this results in greater energy consumption in transportation and heating and cooling of homes spacious on the urban outskirts. (Gonzalez, 2007) And in the history of the United States, in addition to the national economy, landowners wanted to invest in their lands to make more money and to make their lands more valuable, not only by building normal buildings but by having more opportunities to make business, for example, in retail (Gonzalez, 2007). And the automobile came to make transportation easier, then cities expanded more rapidly. “In 1980, the average distance to work for US residents was 8 miles. By 1990 the number had risen to 15,” he wrote (Gonzalez, 2007). But the government has not thought about the environmental consequences that climate change causes. But when the effects began to manifest themselves and climate change worsened, they adopted a protocol, called "`Kyoto Protocol`", negotiated and signed in 1997 by 38 countries, they put the creation of a regime on the international political agenda regulations to reduce emissions of climate-changing gases” (Gonzalez, 2007) to address climate change through it. And there are three companies mentioned by George: “the Global Climate Coalition (GCC), the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)” (Gonzalez, 2007). "The biggest challenge" will be to resist the global pressure towards the suburbanization of the countryside as well as cities, with modern systems ofmass production and distribution it is all too easy to proliferate modern technical products of man; but, if we do not want the countryside to be invaded, the need to maintain the natural reserves of wild and plain nature, it is essential to create coastal areas both urban and surrounding and sea, it is of fundamental importance, rural aesthetic standards to avoid the universal diffusion of subtopics” (Abercrombie, 2005). “Whatever the evolving terminology, urban sprawl has been a concern for planners for many years.” (Allen, 2003) Many reasons nowadays call for planning new ways that encourage reurbanization and reinvestment in some existing cities. (Allen, 2003) One of these reasons is traffic congestion, as it requires the need to plan a new strategy to reduce the need to travel in a developed area. (Allen, 2003) Furthermore, social characteristics are being lost in developed urban populations. Furthermore, climate change plays a huge role in the demand for investments in reurbanization and reinvestment, as well as in the loss of non-renewable natural resources. (Gonzalez, 2007) Research conducted by the "Potsdam Institute for Climate Change" shows that urban sprawl is one of the main causes of climate change (Allen, 2003), especially the inefficient use of energy used in transport that damages ecosystems (Allen, 2003). "Gerhard Petschel-Held" and his team are working on dynamic modeling in order to prove a useful tool for understanding the "dynamics of urban expansion and in formulating policies" (Allen, 2003). Montreal is a metropolis that does not have many buildings with more than 3 floors, that's why Montreal is an example of urban expansion that has increased exponentially since 1951 (Naghmeh Nazarnia, 2016), and this expansion needed public transportation, hence the underground metro which was made to connect the metropolis and some surrounded cities together. having removed the excavated tunnels, they made it an artificial island "Island of the Nuns". Therefore, Montreal has spread out more, spread out so as to connect. Montreal with Laval with a bridge same thing for Brossard and Montreal. In 1966, approximately 45% of the territory had a high or very high level of connectivity, and almost 38% in 1981. In 2010, only 6.5% of the territory was connected and 73% of the territory had no or no connectivity. poor. (JerômeDupras, et al., 2016) Furthermore, focusing on transportation, we can see that in Montreal many people still use fuel cars, however they have to reduce fuel consumption through carpooling or the use of electric cars. Furthermore, the amount of construction the city of Montreal has to deal with every 6 months is also harmful to the environment where they should be able to have construction at least every 5 years. Built neighborhoods are designed by those people; therefore, planning is the core of urban expansion, nowadays planners are addressing the problem of expansion more carefully and ecologically. consume less area but have more floors, i.e. approximately more than 12 floors containing more units, instead of consuming more area for only 1 or 2 floors. So, contemporary planning is normal planning but modified by taking care of the planet and the climate, trying to maintain more green areas and trying to make neighborhoods more sustainable. “High-rise buildings have the potential to improve the availability of residential living space, providing more properties without development that eats up large volumes of land or green space.” (The pros and cons of the skyscraper, 2018) Griffintown in Montreal is an example of contemporary planning, much of it still under construction, it is a 17).