IndexProblem IdentificationLiterature ReviewProject DescriptionResearch Objectives:The values ​​of our project:The areas that require most attention are:Timeline:References:Canada continues to face a ever-increasing opioid overdose catastrophe that has claimed the lives of over 8,000 people in the country since 2016 (Strike & Watson, 2019). Opioids are effective medications used by most Canadians for pain management. However, it can cause a variety of harms even if prescribed or obtained from illicit sources (Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2018). Excessive prescribing in Canada has exposed people to addictive opioid medications, leading to opioid addiction and drug misuse (Fischer, Pang, & Tyndall, 2019). By 2012, there was a dramatic reduction in medical opioid prescribing leading to an emerging increase in the availability of synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) and harmful analogues causing opioid-related deaths (Fischer, Pang, & Tyndall, 2019 ). According to KFL&A data, carfentanil, the dangerous and undetectable drug, has arrived in the Kingston community (Krause, 2019). Data from Public Health Ontario suggests that the number of deaths increased by 246% killing 1,250 Ontarians in 2017 (Public Health Ontario, 2019). In response to this crisis, the four harm reduction interventions: injectable opioid agonist treatment, naloxone distribution programs, overdose prevention sites (OPS), and drug monitoring services are expanding rapidly. With this innovative intervention, the nation sees a slight decline in opioid overdose rates (Strike & Watson, 2019). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Canada has a population of 31 million and approximately 80,000-125,000 people are addicted to drugs. Opioid users suffer from several chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and psychiatric disorders. The social cost of an untreated opioid user is approximately 000/year. Various harm reduction strategies, such as safe injection sites (SIS), can improve quality of life, increase life expectancy, and reduce social costs (Popova, Rehm, & Fischer, 2006). SISs are a healthcare setting where individuals can inject drugs under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals. This harm reduction service provides sterile injection supplies, drug preparation materials, overdose prevention and intervention, education, primary care, psychiatric and counseling services, and drug treatment referrals, housing and other health services, and social. The main goal of the SIS is to improve the physical and mental well-being of people who inject drugs. SIS aims to reduce the spread of infectious diseases (such as HIV and hepatitis), the number of overdose deaths, and incidents involving community problems or health risks (such as public drug use or discarded needles ). The SIS also facilitates the provision of other health and social services (Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, 2018). As Kingston has the highest number of opioid deaths compared to the provincial average, the Opioid Prevention Site (OPS) in the Street Health Centre, Kingston, is of utmost importance. Between 2016 and 2017, the number of cases of opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the KFL&A public health region skyrocketed by 200% (Public Health Ontario, 2019). “In 2017, there were 188 opioid-related emergency room visits and 25 deathsrelated to opioids in the KFL&A region, ranking our community the ninth highest for opioid-related deaths among Ontario's 35 public health regions" (KFL&A Public Health, 2019). In response to this, the Ministry of Health and of Long-Term Care has mandated that community-based organizations require overdose prevention sites (KFL&A Public Health, 2019). Problem Identification The Kingston site, located at Street Health's Barrack Street office, is opened in July 2018. Although data from several safe injection sites around the world offer the benefits of a safe injection site, Ontario Premier Doug Ford does not believe it is the right approach to reduce rates of overdose mortality and morbidity. The Ford government is planning to “pause” the implementation of safe injection sites across the province (Dhanraj, 2018). Closing safe injection sites under these conditions will put the life. With potential funding cuts, Street Health Center CEO Mike Bell says safe injection sites would continue to operate, but only through donations. The Street Health Center claims it needs approximately 0,000 people to operate its safe injection facility (Krause, 2019). The Street Health Center has already received written support from KFL&A Public Health, Frontenac Paramedic Services, Regional HIV/AIDS Services, Addiction and Mental Health Services, Kingston Police and others agencies. However, police statistics show that there has been “no increase or change in calls” from the location since the site opened, and residents and businesses have expressed no concerns (Ferguson, 2018). As the Ford government seeks an evidence-based solution review, our primary goal is to collect data and evaluate the effectiveness of the opioid prevention site in Kingston. The various pieces of evidence from different SIS need to be compared and collaborated to estimate the effectiveness of OPS Kingston. Through our capstone project, the responsible government should be able to make the right decision on the financing of the Street Health Center. Literature Review Kerr, T., et.al (2017) examined harms resulting from drug injection overdoses in Canada. In 2003, Canada launched the SIS and extensive evidence has shown that this service is useful in reducing health and social harms. Next, they focused on creating a more relevant environment for supervised injection facilities through changing federal legislation. Together with SIS, they initiated safe drug inhalation to promote this program. They conclude that supervised injection facilities represent a considerable advance according to the analysis of Canada's experience. They found that more efforts need to be made to establish more SIS across Canada because people accept the SIS positively. Wood, E. (2018) stated that in the United States, overdose deaths increased between 1999 and 2015. In 2016, there were approximately 64000 people died due to overdoses and, according to research, the leading cause of deaths involved synthetic opioids. The United States follows Canada's actions with the aim of reducing the number of deaths linked to opioids such as fentanyl and its analogues. The Canadian government created the anti-overdose drug naloxone and oversaw the injection facilities. This is also implemented in some regions of the United States. Several researchers have found that in communities where overdose rates are high, 30% of fatal overdoses can be reduced by SISs. In ColumbiaBritain's opioid overdose crisis has escalated and the province has developed some standards for free access to the drug naloxone in agencies and community pharmacies. (CCSA, 2019) Both Canada and the United States have experienced an increase in overdose deaths in recent years. In 2017, 3,998 Canadians and 47,600 people in the United States were lost. They understand that the overdose crisis has increased and begin to try to prevent it. They recognize that collaboration, comprehensiveness and evidence-based approaches are needed to prevent this crisis. According to this research, they provide harm reduction recommendations to the public. They instruct them to secure sites for safe drug injection. Their strategies are to provide primary care, substance use treatment, provide pharmaceutical opioids, and conduct an evaluation of safe injection site programs. Their strategy is to educate people about opioid overdose prevention using safe injection sites and treatment with naloxone. (Lingle, 2013).problems such as HIV and HCV due to injection drug use and these are easily transmitted through needles when people inject drugs. SIS are introduced with the aim of reaching high-risk injection drug users. These facilities include a safe place where drug users inject drugs under medical supervision. There is an excellent track record of SIS in reducing overdose deaths and also in preventing and spreading diseases such as HIV and HCV. Their expectations are aimed at the high-risk population of injecting drug users, to provide a safe place for drug injection, reduce drug overdose, provide them with education on health and social issues due to injecting drug overdose and, lastly, reduce the crime rate. problems with SIS, due to law and law enforcement, some drug users fear that if they go to SIS, they will be arrested for drug use and staff members also fear illegal behavior from drug users. (OHTN, 2014) Supervised Injection services help reduce injecting behaviors and also increase the number of clients who engage in addiction treatment services. Supervised injection services are convenient and prevent the transmission of blood-borne diseases called HIV and HCV. It is safer and reduces morbidity and mortality rate. According to this research, there are some challenges in this project such as long queues for SIS because these clinics are not open every time. This research has found that there are some records and evaluations that show a reduction in harmful behaviors. 75% of clients change their injecting behavior, 23% stop doing so and another 57% choose to undergo de-addiction treatment. They focus primarily on client safety, cost-effectiveness, nursing care when injecting medications, education on safer injections, and public safety. Some supervised injection services are open 24 hours a day because they provide them with public facilities or even outside the clinic. Reduces long queues in clinics that only 20% of customers prefer to wait in line. (Knowles, 2017) From January 2001 to September 2003, several overdose deaths were recorded in Vancouver. According to researchers, the benefit of a safe injection site is to prevent the blood-borne diseases HIV and HCV. Because they found several indicators of community disorder such as the use of public injections, improper disposal of syringes and syringe-related waste. Data shows that in 2008 approximately 8,000 drug addictsthey used the injection site. In 2003, there was a sharp decline in overdose deaths in Vancouver. SIS provides excellent access to healthcare for drug users, reducing HIV rates and improving public order. (City of Hamilton Public Health Services, 2017). The primary purpose of this study is to determine the need for the SIS in Hamilton, determine its feasibility, and engage the community in this project. According to this research, the main benefits of SIS are the reduction of overdose deaths and the prevention of blood-borne diseases. If it were in community health centers, about 90% of drug users would visit SIS. The SIS helps improve the health safety of people in the community by providing a safe place and environment to inject medications. SIS is located where people easily inject illicit drugs in a safe environment under proper supervision. Project Description Research Objectives: The broader topic of our research project is opioids, we want to place emphasis on the effectiveness of safe injection sites within the community. This knowledge regarding safe injection sites helps us identify devotions to continue the funding program at the Kingston site. Furthermore, nowadays there is a heated debate about the financing of safe injection sites, so through our research we can provide enough data for the authority to make an effective statement. Since safe injection sites also influence other traits of opioid-related problems through the capstone outcome, we expect to learn about them as well. Our goal is to first understand the normal layout of safe injection sites and then evaluate how it works to help people by providing opioid treatment and education. We want to determine the amount of funds allocated to achieve desired organizational outcomes. For this reason, our study evolves Kingston community SIS personnel, website data, and the people who use the services of these sites. Please note: this is just an example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Our Project Values: Our experiments lead to a better understanding of the function of safe injection sites based on widespread resources to serve people with opioid addiction and overdose in the Kingston region. This finding helps us understand some areas that play an important role in the success or catastrophe of SIS efficiency. The project provides guidance to authorities regarding the economic distribution of funding to operate sites that can serve more people with high quality and higher successful outcomes that directly support the level of health of people in the Kingston community. The areas that require more attention are: Research biases : Since these are fact-based and statistical studies that we are looking at, the authenticity of which cannot be verified must be considered. Time: There are many articles and websites on the Internet that offer similar content on the topic. So, there will not be enough time for many reports. Ethics: Although this project is a proposal to the Canadian government to continue funding it, it may also affect some of the beliefs, values ​​and freedoms of the person and the organization. Communication: Proper communication with staff and the community is required to collect the latest data. Timeline: Week One: Review and finalize the problematic topic and identify the source of resources through research. Second week: look for problematic aspects that couldhinder the progress of our project and refine the capstone proposal. Week Three: Design our data collection method and have a team meeting to decide on a day when we can go and collect data from the organization for our project. Fourth week: Meeting with the professor to analyze the collected records and judge the result from the statistics. Fifth week: Do research on how to structure all the collected documents so you can judge whether the sites are useful or not. Sixth week: Preparation and formulation of the capstone draft. Week 7: Presentation of the final capstone project. References: Canadian Center for Substance Use and Dependence. (n.d.). Retrieved from Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Crisis in the United States and Canada: Cross-Border Knowledge Sharing: https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Strategies-Addressing-Opioid-Crisis -Canada-US-Report-2019-en.pdf Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2018). Opioid-related harms in Canada. Ottawa: CIHI.CCSA. (2019). Strategies to address the opioid crisis in the United States and Canada: Cross-border knowledge sharing. Retrieved from the Canadian Center on Substance Use and Addiction: https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Strategies-Addressing-Opioid-Crisis-Canada-US-Report-2019 -en. pdfCity of Hamilton Public Health Services. (2017). Hamilton oversaw the injection site. McMaster University, 1-96. doi:https://d3fpllf1m7bbt3.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/media/browser/2017-11-30/hamilton-sis-study-report.pdfDhanraj, T. (2018). Drug users say they "have blood on their hands" over Gov. Doug Ford's "pause" on safe injection sites. Toronto: Global News. doi: https://globalnews.ca/news/4433326/ontario-safe-injection-sites-opioids/Ferguson, E. (2018). City council will be asked to support Kingston's overdose prevention site. Kingston: The Kingston Whig-Standard. Fischer, B., Pang, M., & Tyndall, M. (2019, February 1). Canada's opioid death crisis: Crucial lessons for public health. The Lancet Public Health, 4(2), E81-E82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30232-9Hamilton supervised the injection site. (2017, December). Retrieved fromhttps://d3fpllf1m7bbt3.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/media/browser/2017-11-30/hamilton-sis-study-report.pdfKerr, T., Mitra, S., Kennedy, M.C., and McNeil , R. (2017). Supervised injection facilities in Canada: Past, present and future. Harm Reduction Journal, 14-28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0154-1KFL&A Public Health. (2019). KFL&A Public Health. Retrieved from Opioids: https://www.kflaph.ca/en/healthy-living/fentanyl.aspxKnowles, Z. (2017). Prevention at the center. Retrieved from CATIE: https://www.catie.ca/en/pif/fall-2017/research-update-supervised-injection-facilities-canada-past-present-and-futureKnowles, Z. (n.d.). Research update: Supervised injection facilities in Canada: past, present and future. Retrieved from Prevention in Focus: https://www.catie.ca/en/pif/fall-2017/research-update-supervised-injection-facilities-canada-past-present-and-future#biosKrause, K. (2019 ). Carfentanil found in Kingston: Public Health Unit. Canada: Global News.Krause, K. (2019, March 29). The Kingston Street Health Center is awaiting word on provincial funding for a safe injection site. Retrieved from Global News: https://globalnews.ca/news/5108240/kingstons-street-health-centre-awaits-news-of-provincial-funding-for-safe-injection-site/Krause, K. (2019) . The Kingston Street Health Center awaits word on provincial funding for a safe injection site. Kingston: Global News. Extracted from, 1565-1567.