There are both positive and negative reinforcers (Rogers, 2013). Emilia has failed to complete a treatment program for her drug addiction, has been unable to obtain job training or a job due to substance abuse, and is also risking U.S. citizenship because if she is arrested for drug crimes, he could be deported. Using operant conditioning theory, a social worker might use positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement as interventions. The social worker could explain to Emilia the steps she could take to improve her life. He could enter a drug treatment program and complete it. Subsequently, he could receive vocational training and secure a job. The job may in turn allow her to be able to support herself and her child, and hopefully, if she succeeds in these things, her family will accept her back into their lives. Negative reinforcement might be the social worker telling her that if she doesn't complete a rehabilitation program, she won't be able to secure a job. By not securing a job, she has no way to support herself and her son, so she will not regain custody of him. Furthermore, if she were arrested, she would risk deportation, which would further increase her isolation from her family and from her.