Since the age of Aristotle, great minds have questioned the various natures of reality: how a concept works and how humans perceive it. The fundamentals of color were one such mystery. As an unstable property, the secrets of color eluded philosophers, artists and scientists for centuries, until 1666, when Sir Isaac Newton discovered the properties of light. Thanks to visionaries such as Newton, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Georges Seurat, the modern understanding of color can be explained in various ways and can now be classified by medium. Separated into “light” and “pigment,” colors are seen as individual entities as their application and combination creates alternative visual characteristics that affect human vision. To understand how light and color work (both separately and combined) it is necessary to understand the various components that make up modern light and color theory. Therefore, by comparing the color experiments of Newton and Jakob Christof le Blon, it is possible to explain the understanding of later notions about the primaries of light and pigment. In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton announced his "Experimentum Crucis" which justified the properties of light as heterogeneous rays. which, when fragmented, provide a spectrum of the seven fundamental colors, which determines how color is perceived. The results demonstrate how the colors of light are combined to create a single beam of white light. This then bounces off the surface of all objects and is reflected in our eyes as color. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) elaborated on Newton's concepts with his own additive and subtractive theories which divide color into two individual factions: 'light colours' and 'pigmented colours'. Light color... in the center of the paper... or orange, and is used effectively in Seurat's masterpiece, most convincingly in the plains of grass and in the petticoats of women strolling in the sun. The era of Impressionism was a crucial era for the modern understanding of color; already in the 17th century scientists and artists applied complex theories on the perception of color and light to various practices. Without a proper understanding of color, visual luxuries such as color photography, television and digital media would be nothing more than a futuristic black and white dream. It is thanks to the ingenuity of visionaries such as Newton, Le Blon, Helmholtz and Seurat that humanity has progressed towards an era in which color and technology can be used in a variety of artistic practices. These men are the helps who have allowed the world to experience culture from vivid and global perspectives.