The absence of either produces a major paradigm shift. For example, if a child is only reinforced with rewards and gifts, he or she will have no real guidance. It can cause them to overlook or ignore their mistakes. Conversely, if a child is only reinforced with negative behaviors, this could lead to low self-esteem and/or abnormal behaviors. “Children who receive negative attention (reprimand) for noncompliance, but do not receive positive attention for conformity, may be socialized not to conform because these children learn that noncompliance produces attention.” (Owen, Slep, Heyman 2012 p.365) Everything is fine in moderation is a phrase that we should all know well; too much of anything can be a bad thing. The method for this concept was created by BF Skinner who coined it “Operant Conditioning”. (Winsor, Murrell, Magun-Jackson pg 34) Skinner believed that negative reinforcement was divided into two types of punishment, the Roman numerals one and two. The first type required adding a negative consequence to an unwanted action. The second typology recommended subtracting a preferred privilege in the presence of behaviors deemed inappropriate (p.35). However, many people argue that spanking is not an acceptable form of punishment; however, some will still practice it. Regardless of the specific form of punishment, most people will agree that there should be consequences for unacceptable behavior. If we look at today's society, even adults are subject to punishment and reinforcement. Our prisons and highway patrol offices are an example of the price we have to pay if we don't follow the rules. Why shouldn't we prepare our children for the rules already in place? An artificial environment of constant permissive behavior allows children to believe that they do not have to accept the consequences of their questionable behavior. Generally children are punished in some form or fashion; by nature, punishments are