1. Labor relations are generally defined as relationships between management and workers. They are also called industrial relations. Workers or groups of workers are represented by trade unions. Business relationships can take place at different levels, for example regional, national and international. The main challenge for such relationships is the ability to adapt to emerging changes. The world and technology develop very quickly, as do the relationships between workers and management. Trade unions (also called) trade unions are organizations of workers who come together to defend their rights, solving industry problems such as wages, working hours, bonuses, unions. representing workers and negotiating with management on behalf of workers (Jochem, 2000). Such relationships are usually accompanied by tension and conflict, and business owners usually want to earn more and pay less. Workers are willing to work in better conditions for better wages. Unionism in the United States is an expression of the American democratic spirit expressed in industry, there is no doubt. Its beginnings coincided with the period when the free colonies were establishing state governments and the principles of the Federal Constitution were the subject of great political debate. It developed during the Jefferson administration and became a full-blown labor movement during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The workers' clubs, the trade unions, were part of the "Democratic-Republican Societies" movement which marked "the rise of national democracy" in the first decades of the 19th century. The American ideal that swept away even the vestiges of elite class rule freed wage workers from property rights to vote and from court restrictions on their freedom of association. The same democratic movements that shaped the ideas and methods for establishing the nation as the government of the people, by and for the people, also gave rise to trade unionism as a means through which workers' self-government and participation in government could be achieved of workplaces. (Cornell University Industrial and Labor Relations School, 2008). Unions under economic stress and with dwindling membership have often dramatically expanded their political activities, raising more campaign funds and organizing their members more effectively for political action. Congressional reforms and the presidential nomination process created new avenues for the pursuit of political power that many unions have eagerly pursued (even though some academics have argued that these reforms are inherently hostile to the exercise of union power). In reality, the United States has no uniform labor policy, but rather a patchwork of policies, comprehensive but not coherent.