1a) Where are the oldest rocks found on Earth? The oldest whole rocks found were found in the Nuvvuagittuq greenstone belt in northern Quebec, along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay. Samples taken from this site indicate an age of between 3.8 and 4.28 billion years and were confirmed by measuring small changes in the isotopic compositions of neodymium and samarium in the rocks. Older mineral grains, called zircons, have also been found in Western Australia, aged 4.36 billion years. National Science Foundation (NSF) News – Oldest known rock on Earth discovered: https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=1122991b) There are other types of radiometric dating besides leaded uranium ? There are many types of radiometric dating, such as radiocarbon dating which is based on the radioactive decay of 14C in organic materials, with a precision exceeding 70,000 years. Similar methods measure the decay of potassium-40 to argon-40, thorium-232 to lead-208, samarium-147 to neodymium-143, and others. Another way to date materials is to measure the accumulation of electrons, removed by radiation, that have become trapped in imperfections in the crystalline structure of the material being measured. Examples of this type of dating are luminescence and electron spin resonance. Nature – Dating rocks and fossils using geological methods: http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/dating-rocks-and-fossils-using-geologic -methods-1079240442a) Other important fossils have been found transition? A series of transitional fossils detail the evolution from reptiles to mammals. Dimetrodon lived between 280 million years ago (mya) and 265 mya, had a sail on its back that allowed partial regulation...... middle of paper...... resistant CCR5-Δ32 allele formed by a breakdown of the pathocenosis due to historical Roman expansion?:http://sharc.sums.ac.ir/icarusplus/export/sites/sharc/unpload/6.pdfEvaluating plague and smallpox as historical selection pressures for the CCR5-Δ32 allele of HIV resistance: http://www.pnas.org/content/100/25/15276.longDetection of the HIV resistance gene CCR5-Delta32 in Bronze Age skeletons: http://www.ncbi .nlm .nih.gov/pubmed/15815693/6b) What type of mutation leads to this allele? The CCR5-Δ32 gene is the name of the allele discussed in the video, as the name escapes it is the result of a frameshift mutation that occurred in the CCR5 gene that led to the deletion of 32 base pairs (Δ32).THURJ | Designing recombinase enzymes to emulate the CCR5-Δ32 mutation that confers resistance to HIV-1 infection: http://thurj.org/research/2011/02/1238/