AISHA GITTENS-HIPPOLYTE Taking two of the theoretical approaches to social research discussed in the module, demonstrate the connections between their ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Which method or methods would advocates of each theory favor based on their assumptions. To understand the production of sociological knowledge it is necessary to first examine the thought processes behind each piece of research. Before carrying out research on a particular topic, the researcher formulates some hypotheses about that topic. These hypotheses differ depending on the theoretical approach adopted. They can be divided into three logical areas, namely ontology, epistemology and methodology. Sociological researchers first make ontological assumptions. That is, they decide what to study or what should be studied. They decide what the topic is about and the meanings behind it. They must consider social reality and the nature of being, in relation to the topic. Having satisfied this, researchers then make epistemological assumptions surrounding the topic. They must decide the type of evidence to collect, considering which evidence will provide the optimal validity. They must decide which position to take during the research, objective or neutral, considering which would be possible or even favorable. They will then need to think about how best to achieve this. Should research be classified as “scientific” or “nonscientific” and what determines this? Based on the previous ontological and epistemological assumptions the researcher then formulates methodological assumptions. After deciding exactly what to study, the researcher decides how best to manage the research, thus formulating an action plan. Considerations include whether the research used should be primary or secondary. Whether you will test an existing hypothesis or build a theory after gathering evidence. Finally, conclusions can be drawn about which strategy to implement with the ultimate goal of producing the type of knowledge required. This then translates into the type of research method or methods to be used. To investigate further I will discuss these assumptions and identify particular methods favored in relation to two contrasting theories, ... half of the article .... ..ences and to raise any questions or problems you may have. Research must be useful, ensuring that the reasons for the research are in the best interests of the oppressed, and is necessary to bring about social change. Methods The methods favored by standpoint theorists must give voice to the concerns of the oppressed. They must be able to be representative of those groups. This links this theory to qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews or participant observation. These methods would allow the researcher to come into close contact with the subject and listen to his or her point of view. Other methods such as questionnaires can be used, as long as they serve a useful purpose. As long as they ultimately serve to improve the lives of the oppressed. Using two theoretical approaches to social research, namely positivism and standpoint theory, I have demonstrated implicit connections in their respective assumptions. Ontological, epistemological, and methodical assumptions are all integral aspects of understanding social research. Once you understand these, you can draw conclusions about what type of methods are appropriate to use.