Mary Shelly's novel Frankenstein and James Whales' version of her book differ in many ways. The most important difference is that the whales make the monster less human. It made him deaf and dumb and violent. He seemed almost subhuman and barely capable of doing anything other than following basic orders, grunting and screaming. Throughout Shelly's novel, the monster constantly desired to communicate with people but was unable to do so due to his appearance. It just scared people. This resulted in isolation and the fuel behind his anger, hatred and crimes. Another change would be the meanness and/or evilness of the monster. In Shelly's novel he doesn't appear to be evil or cause harm to anyone, but people think differently. Heeven explains by saying, “I made myself a demon. Make me happy and I will be virtuous again.” (O'Finn) In the film version, Whales eliminates this scene entirely and goes in a different direction by having Fritz procure a brain from the local university. Frankenstein considered that "the imperfect brain" would lead to violence and criminal activity. That's why he wanted "the perfect brain." That's why he sends Felix to the local university to steal "the perfect brain". But instead he takes the brain of a criminal. The criminal brain is considered “abnormal” and “the imperfect brain”. He felt that if one removed the brain from the body, all tendencies would remain. This occurred in this case because the monster was ultimately killed by a lynch mob. There were a few other differences; that Victor is now Henry in the film. Elizabeth was no longer referred to as "cousin". She was now called his girlfriend, which eliminated any reference to incest. The endless arctic chase was eliminated, the friendship with the blind old man at the De Lacey cottage and the monster's desire for lovers. Also, in the movie The Whales it showed that the monster had a sense of kindness towards a little girl. The whales showed creature interaction with Maria and the simplest form of kindness was seen. The child did not judge the monster based on its appearance or its inabilities, but simply for being kind to another individual. Another difference would be the way Victor is betrayed.