Topic > Caring for a Person with Alzheimer's Disease - 2109

Problem DefinitionThe sixth leading cause of death in the United States, Alzheimer's disease affects approximately 5.2 million people age 65 and older (Alzheimer's Association , 2012). The rapid growth of the elderly population as the Baby Boomer generation ages will cause unprecedented increases in the number of individuals affected by Alzheimer's. It is estimated that by 2025, the number of Wisconsin residents with Alzheimer's aged 65 and older will increase by 30% to a projected total of 127,000 (Alzheimer's Association, 2012). Informal supports, such as help with housekeeping and running errands, are crucial to maintaining the lifestyle of people with Alzheimer's in the community; however, the disease's erosion of physical, cognitive, and communication skills often creates enormous strain on family caregivers. Individuals and family caregivers dealing with Alzheimer's often experience increasing social isolation as disease progression undermines both mobility and the capacity for meaningful and appropriate engagement with the community (Banerjee et al., 2003). Numerous studies have documented the physical and mental health costs incurred by unsupported caregivers and the link between caregiver stress and the institutionalization of ill family members (Andren & Elmstahl, 2005; Banerjee et al., 2003). Taken together, the stress and isolation of dealing with Alzheimer's disease undermines the health and quality of life of all involved, ultimately resulting in institutionalization. Alzheimer's disease affects populations in both cities and rural areas. Although only 19% of older adults live in rural areas, up to one-third of the rural population is composed of older adults (Sun, Kosberg, Kaufman, & Leeper, 2010). In addition to limited access to and suspicion of health and social services for older adults and their caregivers, social isolation plays an important role in rural areas, where opportunities for engagement and interaction may be unavailable or inaccessible (Sun et al., 2010). Healthcare worker shortages, although present everywhere, are intensified in rural areas and can severely limit a family's choices when healthcare providers struggle to meet the needs of people with Alzheimer's (Sun et al., 2010). Research suggests a high level of depression in both people with dementia and spousal caregivers in rural populations (Haley et al., 2008). Research also suggests that loss of language ability among individuals with Alzheimer's limits the individual's independence. Additionally, the loss of language ability impacts individuals of different races. The largest minority population in Wisconsin is African American, making up 6% of the state's total population (U.S. Department of Commerce, U.