IntroductionWireless networks have gained enormous popularity since their advent in the 1970s and even more so since the last decade. Mobile wireless networks currently have two deployment architectures: infrastructured networks, infrastructureless networks[1]. In the network architecture for infrastructure networks, there are fixed wired gateways, known as base stations installed in the desired coverage area. A device within the network connects to the closest accessible gateway (the one with the strongest signal). When the mobile device moves to a location that is beyond the range of the currently paired base station, it transfers its connectivity to another base station within range. This process is called handoff, which enables seamless connectivity to mobile users across the network [1]. The other variant of mobile wireless networks are infrastructure-less networks, usually called mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Network systems without a fixed backbone are called Mobile Ad Hoc systems. These Ad Hoc systems are a collection of mobile nodes dynamically positioned such that connectivity between nodes continues to fluctuate. Since there are no fixed routers, nodes in the ad hoc network function as routers that determine and manage connectivity to other nodes in the network [1]. To establish connectivity within the network, a dynamic and effective routing protocol is needed to generate routing tables that locate changing routes between mobile nodes and establish efficient routing between them. When designing ad hoc mobile routing protocols, its limitations must be met such that since the protocol must maintain loop-free paths through multiple disjoint paths and have control… half of the article… He, “ Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) Protocol", Networking Laboratory, University of Helsinki Technology.Available: http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/opetus/s38030/k02/Papers/03-Guoyou.pdf[3] TD Hollerung, "The Cluster-Based Routing Protocol", based on mobile ad hoc networks on the wireless LAN, University of Paderborn, 2003.[4] P. Misra, “Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Washington University in St. Louis, November 1999. Available: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/ftp/adhoc_routing / [5] DB Johnson, DA Maltz, "Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks", Mobile Computing, 1996. Available: http://www.loria.fr/~ichris/Teaching/Articles/dsr.pdf[6 ] G. Jayakumar, G. Gopinath, "Routing protocols for mobile wireless ad hoc networks: a review", Journal of Computer Science, Science Publications, vol. 3, no. 8, pages. 574-582, 2007.