The exclusion of the elderly appears to proceed in parallel with the exclusion of young people in society (Holloway, 2005). Around the world, opinions about older adults differ across space and time. An article by Blaikie, 1999, describes how before modern societies the elderly were given respect, but after the creation of modern societies the elderly were not given as much respect. For example, in Africa, older individuals are given great respect due to the amount of wisdom they possess as they have lived longer lives than younger and middle-aged individuals (Pain, 2001). Compared to Western societies, older people are viewed negatively as old age is associated with problems such as high dependence on others, financial and health problems (Pain, 2001). Older people become dependent on others as they become physically less capable of caring for themselves, as in the case of needing to be placed in a retirement home, but many do not work to live after retirement and therefore need money to survive . Older people can access money through state-provided pensions, however, as the number of individuals classified as 'elderly' increases, conflicts between age groups can arise (Pain, 2001). Older people are often altruistic and excluded in Western societies where this is associated with a negative aspect, however this is not always true in some societies where older people are associated with a positive aspect